Below are some relevant research papers (open access) I found that may be interesting to visitors to this site:

“Cancer as a metabolic disease,” Seyfried and Shelton, Nutrition & Metabolism, 2010, 7:7.

“The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus,” Eric C Westman; William S Yancy Jr; John C Mavropoulos; Megan Marquart; Jennifer R McDuffie; Nutrition & Metabolism, 2008, 5:36.

“Ketogenic diets and physical performance,” Stephen D Phinney, Nutrition & Metabolism 2004, 1:2.

“Acute metabolic responses to a high-carbohydrate meal in outpatients with type 2 diabetes treated with a low-carbohydrate diet: a crossover meal tolerance study,” Hajime Haimoto; Tae Sasakabe; Hiroyuki Umegaki;  Kenji Wakai, Nutrition & Metabolism 2009, 6:52.

“Resistance training in overweight women on a ketogenic diet conserved lean body mass while reducing body fat“, Jabekk et al. Nutrition & Metabolism 2010, 7:17.

“Dietary carbohydrate restriction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal,” Accurso et al., Nutrition & Metabolism 2008, 5:9.

These are resources that you have to pay for, or go to the library to get.  If you belong to a university, often you may access articles like these for free.  The link is to the abstract only, which is a brief summary of the study and its results.

“Prolonged Starvation as Treatment for Severe Obesity“, Ernst J. Drenick, Marion E. Swendseid, William H. Blahd, Stewart G. Tuttle, JAMA;187(2):100-105, 1964.

Supplemented Fasting as a Large-Scale Outpatient Program, Victor Vertes, MD; Saul M. Genuth, MD; Irene M. Hazelton, MD, JAMA 238:2151-2153, 1977.